SUMMARY & REVIEW QUESTIONS

Hydrogen can be transported in gaseous or liquid form.

Gaseous hydrogen: Gaseous hydrogen can be shipped in pressurized or refrigerated tanks on specialized ships. These tanks are designed to store hydrogen at high pressures and low temperatures to minimize the volume of the gas. Shipping gaseous hydrogen by sea is a relatively new development and is currently limited to small quantities.

Liquid hydrogen: Liquid hydrogen can be shipped in cryogenic tanks on specialized ships. These tanks are designed to store hydrogen at temperatures below -253°C and at high pressure to keep it in a liquid state. Shipping liquid hydrogen by sea is more common than shipping gaseous hydrogen, but it is still relatively limited due to the high cost of the specialized ships and handling equipment.

Hydrogen delivery refers to the transportation and distribution of hydrogen from a production or storage site to a point of use or sale. There are several methods for delivering hydrogen, including pipeline, tanker truck, rail and on-site generation.

Pipeline: Hydrogen can be transported through pipelines just like natural gas, but the infrastructure for hydrogen pipelines is currently limited.

Tanker truck: Hydrogen can be transported by tanker truck, either in its gaseous or liquid form. When hydrogen is transported in its liquid form, it must be kept at a temperature of -253°C and at high pressure to remain a liquid. This requires specialized tanker trucks and handling equipment.

Rail: Hydrogen can also be transported by rail, either in its gaseous or liquid form. However, rail transport is not commonly used for hydrogen due to the high cost of specialized railcars and handling equipment.

On-site generation: In some cases, hydrogen can be produced on-site at the point of use using natural gas, water electrolysis, or other methods. This can be a convenient option for users who need a small amount of hydrogen on a regular basis and are located near a natural gas supply.

Regardless of the delivery method, hydrogen must be handled carefully as it is highly flammable and can be dangerous if not handled properly.

Review questions

1. What are the known basic methods for hydrogen transport?

2. What is the usual pressure in containers when transporting compressed hydrogen?

3. What is the temperature of liquid hydrogen?

4. What is the typical concentration of hydrogen when transported in natural gas pipelines?

5. What is membrane separation?

6. What do you know about The European Hydrogen Backbone project?

7. Explain what the acronym LOHC means.

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Cuestiones 1

1.¿Cuáles son los métodos básicos conocidos para el transporte de hidrógeno?

Transporte como gas comprimido, como líquido criogenizado, o bien en forma de hidruro

2. ¿Cuál es la presión habitual en los contenedores cuando se transporta hidrógeno comprimido?

Entre 200 y 300 bares de presión

3. ¿Cuál es la temperatura del hidrógeno líquido?

-253 °C

4. ¿Cuál es la concentración típica de hidrógeno cuando se transporta en gasoductos de gas natural?

En torno al 10% 20%

5. ¿Qué es la separación por membranas?

Proceso por el cual, separamos el hidrógeno de otros gases, como puede ser el gas natural, cuando han sido mezclados en el gaseoducto para su transporte. Este proceso se lleva a cabo aumentando la presión de la mezcla de gases en la membrana, y esta solo dejará pasar al hidrógeno.

6. ¿Qué sabes sobre el proyecto European Hydrogen Backbone?

Que es un proyecto que pretende que el 75% de los gaseoductos para el transporte de hidrógeno, sean de gaseoductos ya existentes adaptados, y el 25% de gaseoductos de nueva construcción

7. Explicar qué significa el acrónimo LOHC.

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers o portadores orgánicos líquidos de hidrógeno.